在高密度城市的景观和声音对缓解焦虑的影响

Anxiety is one of the most common mental health disorders in the world .

Although acoustic and visual environments are known to influence many other aspects of mental health, we know little about their independent and interactive effects on the levels of anxiety of high-density city dwellers. We conducted a laboratory experiment using a two-way factorial design (four visual environments x five acoustic environments) and randomly assigned participants to 20 treatment conditions. Before exposure to a condition, they engaged in the Trier Social Stress Test to  induce a moderate level of anxiety. A total of 223 urban dwellers reported their anxiety level before and after a randomly assigned  environmental treatment. The results showed that acoustic and visual environments had significantly interactive influence on anxiety relief. The impact of acoustic environments on anxiety relief w as 4.67 times  greater than the impact of visual environments. Environments with more natural features, regardless of whether they were acoustic or visual, played a greater role in reducing anxiety than environments with more artificial features. T he combination of green scenes and fully natural sounds gave a significantly greater anxiety relief than any other acoustic-visual environments. The implications of these results for planning and design in high-density cities are discussed.

焦虑症是世界上最常见的精神健康障碍之一。

虽然已知声学和视觉环境会影响心理健康的许多其他方面，但我们对它们对高密度城市居民焦虑水平的独立和互动影响知之甚少。我们使用双向因子设计（4个视觉环境x5个声学环境）进行了一项实验室实验，并随机分配参与者到20个治疗条件下。在暴露于一种情况之前，他们进行了特里尔社会压力测试，以诱发中等程度的焦虑。共有223名城市居民在接受随机分配的环境治疗前后都报告了他们的焦虑水平。结果表明，声学环境和视觉环境对焦虑的缓解有显著的交互作用。声环境对焦虑缓解的影响是视觉环境影响的4.67倍。具有更多自然特征的环境，无论它们是听觉的还是视觉的，都比具有更多人为特征的环境在减少焦虑方面发挥了更大的作用。绿色场景和完全自然的声音的结合比其他任何声-视觉环境都更能缓解焦虑。讨论了这些结果对高密度城市规划和设计的影响。